Product Pages
Product Page SEO
How to optimize product detail pages (PDPs) for search — the structured data that earns rich results (product snippets vs. merchant listings), variant canonicalization, unique copy vs. manufacturer duplication, customer reviews and E-E-A-T, image SEO, and out-of-stock handling. The most commercial and most technical pages on a store, in one place.
Product Variant SEO
When to give each product variant its own URL vs. canonical to the base, ProductGroup + hasVariant schema (Feb 2024), and how Shopify, WooCommerce, BigCommerce, and Magento differ.
Product Reviews & User-Generated Content SEO
Customer reviews and UGC are two SEO wins in one — unique, continuously-refreshing content on thin product pages, plus review-rich-result markup. But 'reviews' means three different things people constantly conflate, and fake reviews are now a Google manual-action risk AND a federal FTC violation. Here's what's actually documented versus SEO folklore.
Duplicate Product Descriptions
Manufacturer descriptions copied across every retailer are the most common duplicate content problem in ecommerce. Here's why they don't get you penalized, what they actually cost you, and how to decide which product pages deserve unique copy.
Out of Stock Products
How to handle out-of-stock and discontinued product pages for SEO: keep temporary stockouts live at 200 with OutOfStock schema, 301 permanent discontinuations to a relevant replacement, and avoid the soft-404 and noindex-toggle traps. Backed by Google's own guidance.
Discontinued Product Pages
What to do with a product page when the item is gone for good: 301 to a genuinely similar replacement, 301 to the closest relevant category if it earned links, or 404/410 it if it didn't — plus when a Discontinued tombstone page is worth keeping. Backed by Google's own guidance, and kept distinct from temporary out-of-stock handling.